Iranian International Journal Of Social Sciences
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2015

In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This essay was aimed to critically investigate rural development plans before and after the Iranian Revolution. To do so, based on a library study, construction programs before the Revolution since 1941 and after the Revolution were examined in development plans. The results indicated that, before the Revolution, rural construction plans were centralized and top-down, lacked indigenous studies and sociological attitude, and had technical attitude toward rural issues. After the Revolution, first, a kind of increasing participation was experienced in the form of social mobilization, influenced by the transformations occurring at the macro level of society. There was no sign of bureaucracy in this period; but, gradually, following the transformations, the participation model again took the guided-from-the-outside form. In general, in the five-year post-revolution development planning, deviation from the execution of approved plan, limitation to some executive measures, and executing previous projects despite content changes have been evident. Rural development plans do not have sufficient budgetary allocations, are not written according to the pathology of previous plans, and no organization or institution accounts for their lack of execution. In other words, lack of access to the goals does not bind the approvers. More details are discussed below.

This research examines dynamics and change in the Iranian family during the recent half- century especially subsequent to the Islamic revolution in 1979. Developmental positions and changes are discussed and consideration is given to the extent to which family dynamics and change have been influenced by structural changes or ideational forces. We will focus on ideational forces based on a new approach that explains how ideational forces have been raised from two sources comprising idealized family morality and the second, developmental idealism. The former has been emerged of sources of resistance like tradition, religion, and state as internal forces and the later of objective structural changes under the effect of modernization, globalization, communication, world economy conditions and universal culture. Change resources are structural aspects and in face of change, resistance sources are religion, tradition and state that their effects have been mirrored in beliefs, attitudes, tendencies, views near the individuals. Consistency or conflict these two dimensions including idealized family morality and developmental idealism, which are both ideational forces, through mediational factors such as internal transformations or external effects and conditions could explain family change in Iran. The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent has the family changed over these years in Iran? And how have ideas affected change? Our goal is to document the extent to which ordinary people in Iran believe and accept the propositions of developmental idealism and related aspects of developmental thinking. On the other hand, idealized family morality reflects beliefs, attitudes, values, that are being originated of three sources including tradition, state, and religion as we hypothesize. Based on theoretical framework, some main questions for this research are:1-Will family changes in Iran be more under effect of idealized family morality or developmental idealism?,2-What's the role of state in this model, enhancing developmental idealism in favor of change or play a restraining role? When could the state variate its role? Why? And main hypotheses of the study are including: 1-It seems there is positive correlation between family change and developmental idealism, that is, the more family change results the more developmental aspects and reversely.2-there is negative relation between family change and idealized morality so that the more power of tradition and religion decrease rate of change. The Methodology in this research will be the documentary study that is based on social scientists’ observations, available statistics and documentaries. Eventually this research tries to propose family change in Iran in the form of comprehensive and systematic theoretical model.

Social Happiness is one of the humanity’s most necessary innate needs and which plays a crucial role in the sublimity of individuals and society. Reaching this would occur once individual has either physical or mental health. One of the effective factors in increasing the amount of individuals’ social Happiness especially in women is providing them with mental dimension of security e.g. felling of social security which in this case individual experiences a kind of relaxation and inner satisfaction and the amount of their vitality and happiness will increase. Therefore, regarding the importance of these two components in women’s social lives, the present study analyses the effect of social security in their social happiness and tries to investigate the opinions of 232 women in Joshagh, Delijan through certain questioners. In this project, social happiness consists of three dimensions including mental, social and psychosocial and researchers have investigated women’s social security from physical, financial, behavioral, and emotional dimensions. Data has been gathered through structural functions evaluated by software Lisrel. Findings proved that social security has positive effect on mental, social and psychosocial Happiness of women. On the other hand, triple dimensions of social happiness has also positive and significant effects on each other. In addition, mediating role of social security has left positive and significant effects on rural women.

Outbreak of security, hygienic, and … problems has caused civil managers of Birjand to realize the existence of marginalization phenomenon within the city; and seek to detect the procedure of development and organization, specially descending social consequences of this issue. The research is descriptive and applicable and is implemented to target the detection of the effective factors on forming of marginalization and its specific consequences (especially social issues). Rule-based sampling of hidden populations, a sample of 300 people is selected and after data collection this sample gets developed to 400 increase the level confidence and accuracy. The required data is collected through the verified questionnaire which its perpetuity and validity were assigned. These data are analyzed within descriptive and inferential statistics, especially single variable K-square tests. The results showed that immigration from the villages which have lost their productive resources caused by different criteria, especially drought, is the most important factor for creating and developing of marginalized areas in the city. Concerning social consequences of this issue should be argued that there is a connection between the intensity of marginalization and increase of relative deprivation of marginalized people; that finally leads to spread of poverty in marginalized areas.

With the overthrow of the Shah and the rise to power of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979, Iran changed from a monarchy to an Islamic regime based on an Islamic Constitution and Islamic laws. As a result, a western stereotype of Iranian women as veiled and helpless creatures got created. This stereotypical view has dominated public opinion since 1979 in both Western societies in general, and among western scholars in particular. Meanwhile, a remarkable development related to Iranian women has been taking place in the years after the revolution, i.e. a growth in labor force, political participation and increasing access to education. In this context it can therefore be argued that paradoxically the Islamic revival in Iran has been having a positive influence on the development of the status and the position of women in the public sphere in contemporary Iran. This paper aims to highlight the current position of women in Iran and how far they have been able to utilize the rights and privileges granted to them by the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This paper intends to evaluate cultural capital & social identity of different dimensions of cultural capital through self-description of people. Then it may study any correlation of cultural capital with different indexes of social identity. Cultural capital in accordance with the viewpoint of Borodino has three dimensions including: Conceptual dimension, Real dimension and finalized dimension. The other aspect of this research is the social identity of students for which we used the idea of different persons such as Giddens, Parsons and Cool to provide a theoretical framework to measure this concept. Followings are different dimensions of identity measurement: Wise handling of affairs, Self-satisfaction, Self-reliance, Approval of others and internalization of values. Measuring method is used for data collection along with a questionnaire. Kendal B test is used at a consequential level. According to the results it is possible to approve that there is a positive correlation between cultural capital and social identity. Mental/ cultural capital has a correlation with all dimensions of social identity but real & organizational /cultural capital have no more correlation with all dimensions of identity. At the end all reasoning and results of research are discussed in the field of future studies and cultural policy making.

Intergenerational gap refers to the disturbance and crisis in the cultural sequence of generations, which leads to conflict in terms of values and norms between parents and children. Until recently, this phenomenon has not been considered a serious issue in Iranian society and the continuation of similar thought patterns through the generations has prevented the emergence of distance and various conflicts between generations. Some sociologists attribute this discontinuity to the gap between tradition and modernity. Nowadays, considering the young population of Iran, this component has turned to a cultural one. The present research investigated the effect of training methods and conflict between norms caused by modernity on generational gap from children's viewpoint. Thus, 250 young people (referring to Azimi Library in city of Tehran) answered a number of related questions and LISREL method was applied to investigate the conformity of the designed model with their ideas.